Ingredients
* 1 quart fresh strawberries, washed, stemmed and quartered
* 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar
* 4 cups half-and-half
* 1 cup granulated sugar
* 1/2 vanilla bean, split in half and scraped
* 6 egg yolks
Directions
In a food processor or blender, combine the strawberries and 1/2 cup of the sugar. Process until smooth. In a saucepan, over medium heat, combine the half-and-half and sugar. Bring to a simmer. In a small mixing bowl, whisk the egg yolks until smooth. Add 1 cup of the hot liquid to the egg yolks and whisk until smooth. Add the yolk mixture to the saucepan of liquid and whisk until incorporated. Bring the liquid back to simmer and continue to cook for 4 to 6 minutes or until the mixture coats the back of a spoon. Remove from the heat and stir in the strawberries. Whisk until smooth. Pour the mixture into a glass bowl and place a piece of plastic wrap directly on top of the mixture. This will prevent a skin from forming while cooling. Cool the mixture completely. Process the mixture according the ice cream machines instructions.
ENV SCI RECIPE:
I choose this recipe because it seems simple enough to cook in class (in the short time and lack of resources that we have). My group and I discussed doing ice cream so I picked a ice cream recipe. There's a way to make this without having to use an ice cream maker. There's very few ingredients. And you can add whatever you want to the ice cream (toppings)syrup, nuts...etc.
Monday, May 3, 2010
The Earth, The Hypothesis, The Future: The Abstract.
The purpose of this research paper is to explore the Gaia Hypothesis, in order to understand how human impact is affecting our earth. The Gaia Hypothesis states that the earth is a living organism that maintains conditions essential for survival. It acts as a self-regulating system that is continually adjusting its physical, chemical, and biological processes.
Most significant findings:
Within 50 years, 50-90% of the world's land area may be impacted significantly by human activities. This will most likely result in a substantial increase in environmental problems related to habitats, biodiversity, food production, fresh water resources and health (GLOBIO).
“Many elements of human society and the environment are sensitive to climate variability and change. Human health, agriculture, natural ecosystems, coastal areas, and heating and cooling requirements are examples of climate-sensitive systems. Rising average temperatures are already affecting the environment. Some observed changes include shrinking of glaciers, thawing of permafrost, later freezing and earlier break-up of ice on rivers and lakes, lengthening of growing seasons, shifts in plant and animal ranges and earlier flowering of trees (IPCC, 2007).”
What it means for the future?
There’s no doubt that there has been efforts and advancements in regards to minimizing our negative impact on the environment. As we look towards the future, there is hope, and it is possible to move towards a greener future.
Ways we can improve:
-Investing in clean energy, green jobs and smart energy.
-Including the use of solar panels.
-Fixing our agricultural industry and industrial industry, by regulating food companies and improving animal treatment.
But first we must embrace the fact that the earth is a living organism/whole system made up of multiple components that work together to make life possible. We cannot fix the problems that earth is facing without understanding how the earth functions first.
PULL QUOTE:
"Nature favors those organisms which leave the environment in better shape for their progeny to survive." -James Lovelock
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Food INC. Reflection:
Things that interested me about the movie and my opinion on them:
-A lot of the food we eat are priced way lower than they should be.
-We see a cheap price on a product and we think, “Man that’s a good deal” but in reality that just means someone is getting screwed somewhere. Whether that is the factory worker who is getting paid way less than they should be paid. Or the animal that was mistreated in the process. Or the fruits and vegetables that were sprayed with pesticide in order for that produce to be available to buy, even though it’s out of season.
-Supply and Demand! If one day society decides that they no longer agree with the food industry and the quality of it. Then companies will, adapt to that need. There is no doubt about that. Because the reality is if they don’t then the companies will go out of business. The hardness part of this plan is convincing people to make that change. Why? Because food now is cheap (price wise), filling (fast food), and easy to get (from local super markets & the opinion of fast food is readily available).
-The government can place heavier regulation on companies. More enforced regulation I feel is needed to solve some of the problems. Especially when it comes down to how clean company factories are. No more E. Coli outbreaks!
-Question: Do companies really have to spray ammonia on our meat to kill E. Coli? Or is there another way to do it?
-Monsanto Patent. All I have to say is…what a load of bull crappo!
- "If one farmer is saving seed, he's cheating his neighbor who isn't, and his neighbor is being penalized for being honest.”
-Farmers penalized for plants they never planted. Example: Schmeiser, a farmer accused of patent infringement. Schmeiser figures the seeds came from his neighbor's fields, which had been planted with Monsanto's seeds, via wind, pollen drift and bees. "You can't control it," Schmeiser says. "It might end up 10 miles, 20 miles away. It's all over the place, it cross-pollinates."
-It makes me sad to know that the people who work so hard to provide all the food I eat…aka Farmers are treated soooo horribly.
OVERALL:
As I watch Food Inc. I had this overwhelming feeling of guilt and disgust. I just felt like "I", as a human being and consumer in American, felt moral messed up. I think there are better ways we can get the food we want and I think that there is also healthier to choose to eat as well.
-The video makes me want to reevaluate the things I eat and where I buy my food. It made me more knowledgeable about where my food is coming from and what’s in it.
-A lot of the food we eat are priced way lower than they should be.
-We see a cheap price on a product and we think, “Man that’s a good deal” but in reality that just means someone is getting screwed somewhere. Whether that is the factory worker who is getting paid way less than they should be paid. Or the animal that was mistreated in the process. Or the fruits and vegetables that were sprayed with pesticide in order for that produce to be available to buy, even though it’s out of season.
-Supply and Demand! If one day society decides that they no longer agree with the food industry and the quality of it. Then companies will, adapt to that need. There is no doubt about that. Because the reality is if they don’t then the companies will go out of business. The hardness part of this plan is convincing people to make that change. Why? Because food now is cheap (price wise), filling (fast food), and easy to get (from local super markets & the opinion of fast food is readily available).
-The government can place heavier regulation on companies. More enforced regulation I feel is needed to solve some of the problems. Especially when it comes down to how clean company factories are. No more E. Coli outbreaks!
-Question: Do companies really have to spray ammonia on our meat to kill E. Coli? Or is there another way to do it?
-Monsanto Patent. All I have to say is…what a load of bull crappo!
- "If one farmer is saving seed, he's cheating his neighbor who isn't, and his neighbor is being penalized for being honest.”
-Farmers penalized for plants they never planted. Example: Schmeiser, a farmer accused of patent infringement. Schmeiser figures the seeds came from his neighbor's fields, which had been planted with Monsanto's seeds, via wind, pollen drift and bees. "You can't control it," Schmeiser says. "It might end up 10 miles, 20 miles away. It's all over the place, it cross-pollinates."
-It makes me sad to know that the people who work so hard to provide all the food I eat…aka Farmers are treated soooo horribly.
OVERALL:
As I watch Food Inc. I had this overwhelming feeling of guilt and disgust. I just felt like "I", as a human being and consumer in American, felt moral messed up. I think there are better ways we can get the food we want and I think that there is also healthier to choose to eat as well.
-The video makes me want to reevaluate the things I eat and where I buy my food. It made me more knowledgeable about where my food is coming from and what’s in it.
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Importance of Biodiversity: Comprehension Questions
1. The view that something is valuable in itself. "For it's own sake."
2. It's the mentality that nature/the environment is valuable because we utilize it for our own benefits. For example: Economic Gain
3. The Noah Principle is the argument that, the usefulness of a species is not considered when discussing its conservation, but rather its very presence in the long history of evolution. It related to the idea of intrinsic value (as related to biodiversity) because the Noah principle is saying that it's the environments presence that is valuable, as is.
4. I believe that there is a truth to the biophilia hypothesis. I would agree that there is an instinctive bond between humans and other living systems.
5. Clean water, timber, food and fiber
6. Climate regulation, Disease regulation, natural hazard regulation, water purification, and pest regulation.
7. It contains million of organisms and together they contribute to the soil ecosystem. Parts of the system include: soil formation, soil fertility, plant growth, and decomposition of organic matter.
8. That people might conclude that ecosystems are not directly benefiting humans are worth more to humans developed that undeveloped.
9. It's not equivalent to biodiversity, if it's only for sightings. Not all landscapes are rich in biodiversity. This idea holds little relevance to the majority of the world's population.
10. If in the future we protect the biodiversity of the earth then we will be able to discover more of the unknown. Evidence of this has been shown in the past where most of our valuables (i.e. medicine) has been discovered "accidentally".
2. It's the mentality that nature/the environment is valuable because we utilize it for our own benefits. For example: Economic Gain
3. The Noah Principle is the argument that, the usefulness of a species is not considered when discussing its conservation, but rather its very presence in the long history of evolution. It related to the idea of intrinsic value (as related to biodiversity) because the Noah principle is saying that it's the environments presence that is valuable, as is.
4. I believe that there is a truth to the biophilia hypothesis. I would agree that there is an instinctive bond between humans and other living systems.
5. Clean water, timber, food and fiber
6. Climate regulation, Disease regulation, natural hazard regulation, water purification, and pest regulation.
7. It contains million of organisms and together they contribute to the soil ecosystem. Parts of the system include: soil formation, soil fertility, plant growth, and decomposition of organic matter.
8. That people might conclude that ecosystems are not directly benefiting humans are worth more to humans developed that undeveloped.
9. It's not equivalent to biodiversity, if it's only for sightings. Not all landscapes are rich in biodiversity. This idea holds little relevance to the majority of the world's population.
10. If in the future we protect the biodiversity of the earth then we will be able to discover more of the unknown. Evidence of this has been shown in the past where most of our valuables (i.e. medicine) has been discovered "accidentally".
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Senior Project- Peer Review: Deforestation
Abstract:
I felt that it was important to research how climate change affects our trees because my group’s senior project revolves around the problem of deforestation and how that contributes to greenhouse effect and climate change; which in return affects our environment.
Downing, Keith. "Exploring the Gaia Theory: Artifical Life on a Planetary Scale." The Norwgian Univeristy of Science and Technology. Web. 1 Mar. 2010..
“However, since Gaia embodies the notion of organisms making the planet more livable for each other, some positive relationships between population size and average fitness will often occur, but these are often more emergent phenomena than the negative connections, which are typically implicit in resource limited situations.”
About the quote above:
I tried to find a source that would give me some information about the “Gaia Theory” because my group was thinking about incorporating it into our senior project. The source I found was pretty heavy and hard to understand however, I did find one quote that I really liked (shown above). It made me think about how I can possibly incorporate the problem of population in with my group’s senior project. Since population size affects several aspects of the world’s problems today, including global warming.
“Increased carbon sequestration would remove more CO2 from the atmosphere (a negative feedback that lessens climate change), whereas carbon losses through forest disturbances would result in more CO2 entering the atmosphere (a positive feedback that strengthens climate change). The IPCC (2007) concludes that “net carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems is likely to peak before mid-century and then weaken or even reverse, thus amplifying climate change.”
About the quote above:
This quote explains how trees are important in that they absorb CO2 out of the atmosphere. Trees with an increased carbon sequestration would remove more CO2 where as one with less carbon (due to forest disturbances) would not. (It’s pretty straight forward and to the point)
"Forests | Climate Change - Health and Environmental Effects | U.S. EPA." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 15 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Feb. 2010..
“Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and chlorofluorocarbons, are all increasing in the atmosphere. These gases are directly affecting biological processes in trees and ecological processes in forests. They are also causing considerable radiant energy to be trapped near the earth’s surface resulting in the so-called “greenhouse.”
About the quote above:
When I was reading part of this book on Google Scholars I learned a lot about how carbon dioxide effects the environment. I chose to focus on the information climate change how that affects the trees. The most interesting line in this quote was, “These gases are directly affecting biological processes in trees and ecological processes in forests.” In the future I plan to look more into how the gases directly affect the trees ability to process.
Karnosky, David F. "IUFRO: Publications / Publications." IUFRO: IUFRO – The Global Network for Forest Science Cooperation. Sept. 2001. Web. 26 Feb. 2010.
I felt that it was important to research how climate change affects our trees because my group’s senior project revolves around the problem of deforestation and how that contributes to greenhouse effect and climate change; which in return affects our environment.
Downing, Keith. "Exploring the Gaia Theory: Artifical Life on a Planetary Scale." The Norwgian Univeristy of Science and Technology. Web. 1 Mar. 2010.
“However, since Gaia embodies the notion of organisms making the planet more livable for each other, some positive relationships between population size and average fitness will often occur, but these are often more emergent phenomena than the negative connections, which are typically implicit in resource limited situations.”
About the quote above:
I tried to find a source that would give me some information about the “Gaia Theory” because my group was thinking about incorporating it into our senior project. The source I found was pretty heavy and hard to understand however, I did find one quote that I really liked (shown above). It made me think about how I can possibly incorporate the problem of population in with my group’s senior project. Since population size affects several aspects of the world’s problems today, including global warming.
“Increased carbon sequestration would remove more CO2 from the atmosphere (a negative feedback that lessens climate change), whereas carbon losses through forest disturbances would result in more CO2 entering the atmosphere (a positive feedback that strengthens climate change). The IPCC (2007) concludes that “net carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems is likely to peak before mid-century and then weaken or even reverse, thus amplifying climate change.”
About the quote above:
This quote explains how trees are important in that they absorb CO2 out of the atmosphere. Trees with an increased carbon sequestration would remove more CO2 where as one with less carbon (due to forest disturbances) would not. (It’s pretty straight forward and to the point)
"Forests | Climate Change - Health and Environmental Effects | U.S. EPA." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 15 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Feb. 2010.
“Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and chlorofluorocarbons, are all increasing in the atmosphere. These gases are directly affecting biological processes in trees and ecological processes in forests. They are also causing considerable radiant energy to be trapped near the earth’s surface resulting in the so-called “greenhouse.”
About the quote above:
When I was reading part of this book on Google Scholars I learned a lot about how carbon dioxide effects the environment. I chose to focus on the information climate change how that affects the trees. The most interesting line in this quote was, “These gases are directly affecting biological processes in trees and ecological processes in forests.” In the future I plan to look more into how the gases directly affect the trees ability to process.
Karnosky, David F. "IUFRO: Publications / Publications." IUFRO: IUFRO – The Global Network for Forest Science Cooperation. Sept. 2001. Web. 26 Feb. 2010.
Monday, February 22, 2010
“Powering the Planet” Nate Lewis
One of my favorite lines was in his conclusion,
What we must do is have an informed discussion of how much risk we are willing to live with, and then adjust our level of investment commensurate to being comfortable with that level of risk, with respect to developing globally scalable and economically viable technologies capable of producing 10-20 TW of carbon-free power by the mid-21 st century. - Nate Lewis
Nate Lewis’ lecture was very well put together. I really liked the fact that even though he was talking about a topic, that could be seen as complex his audience was able to understand and following what he was saying. His lecture was full of facts and he was able to keep his opinion out which was nice. He was teaching his audience and they were interpreting what he was saying. I couldn’t find anything in what he was saying to be false or misleading and I feel like his lecture conveyed urgency as well as hope.
Not only did he present the problem but he presented possible solutions. For example he talks about ways we could possibly improve solar power. He said, “It is also useful to compare “artificial photosynthesis” in which inorganic or organic materials, such as those used in photovoltaics, are used in an integrated system to produce fuels as described above, with modification of natural photosynthesis, i.e., bioengineered plants and bioengineered biomass farms, to produce fuels. Both are solar energy farms broadly defined.” (It sounds better and less complex when you see him explain it in his lecture).
As the lecture proceeded I kept thinking to myself, “Dang, we have a lot of work to do, this isn’t going to be easy.” He kept coming back to the point…we could either find a more productive way to create energy or we could keep living the way we are and see what happens. I think that, that was one of the strongest points in his lecture. It really hits home and makes you think…do you really want to take that big of a risk? It’s not like your gambling your money away in a Casino, you’re gambling with life (many lives) and the assets you can lose are greater than yourself (meaning-the world).
What we must do is have an informed discussion of how much risk we are willing to live with, and then adjust our level of investment commensurate to being comfortable with that level of risk, with respect to developing globally scalable and economically viable technologies capable of producing 10-20 TW of carbon-free power by the mid-21 st century. - Nate Lewis
Nate Lewis’ lecture was very well put together. I really liked the fact that even though he was talking about a topic, that could be seen as complex his audience was able to understand and following what he was saying. His lecture was full of facts and he was able to keep his opinion out which was nice. He was teaching his audience and they were interpreting what he was saying. I couldn’t find anything in what he was saying to be false or misleading and I feel like his lecture conveyed urgency as well as hope.
Not only did he present the problem but he presented possible solutions. For example he talks about ways we could possibly improve solar power. He said, “It is also useful to compare “artificial photosynthesis” in which inorganic or organic materials, such as those used in photovoltaics, are used in an integrated system to produce fuels as described above, with modification of natural photosynthesis, i.e., bioengineered plants and bioengineered biomass farms, to produce fuels. Both are solar energy farms broadly defined.” (It sounds better and less complex when you see him explain it in his lecture).
As the lecture proceeded I kept thinking to myself, “Dang, we have a lot of work to do, this isn’t going to be easy.” He kept coming back to the point…we could either find a more productive way to create energy or we could keep living the way we are and see what happens. I think that, that was one of the strongest points in his lecture. It really hits home and makes you think…do you really want to take that big of a risk? It’s not like your gambling your money away in a Casino, you’re gambling with life (many lives) and the assets you can lose are greater than yourself (meaning-the world).
Thursday, February 11, 2010
Continued Research...
Khnor, Martin. “Food crisis, climate change and the importance of sustainable agriculture”, Jun 2008. Feb 10, 2010. .
“According to the recent report of the IAASTD (Independent assessment of agricultural knowledge, science and technology for development), climate change can irreversibly damage the natural resource base on which agriculture depends. Some negative impacts are already visible in many parts of the world. Water scarcity and the timing of water availability will increasingly constrain production. Climate change will require a new look at water storage to cope with the impacts of more and extreme precipitation, higher seasonal variations and increased rates of evapotranspiration in all types of ecosystems.”
-The article focused on food security, as well as other environmental topics. I chose to just focus on what the article said about agriculture.
-I learned from the article that agriculture today has an indirect contribution to emissions. Due to fertilizers, operations, and the change in land use. Showing that the way we handle our agriculture also contributes to global warming.
-What really caught my attention from this quote was the line, “…Climate change will require a new look at water storage to cope with the impacts of more and extreme precipitation….”
-If I was to continue my senior project on this topic I would probably included this in my conclusion. Showing images on ways we could deal with climate change.
- Possible focus: Evapotranspiration and how that affects food supply (caused by climate change)
Unknown. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Agriculture and Food Supply”, Oct 15, 2009. Feb 10, 2010..
“Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, driven by emissions from human activities, can act as a fertilizer and enhance the growth of some crops such as wheat, rice and soybeans. CO2 can be one of a number of limiting factors that, when increased, can enhance crop growth. Other limiting factors include water and nutrient availability. While it is expected that CO2 fertilization will have a positive impact on some crops, other aspects of climate change (e.g., temperature and precipitation changes) may temper any beneficial CO2 fertilization effect (IPCC, 2007).”
-This source was more studies based and seemed the most credible. This article talks mainly about 5 main factors that directly connect climate change and agricultural productivity. Average temperature increase, Change in rainfall amount and patterns, Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2, Pollution levels such as tropospheric ozone, and Change in climatic variability and extreme events.
-I like this quote because it focus’ on climate change and what happens when CO2 increases (due to human activity).
-The affect that CO2 has on agriculture-crop growth.
-No availability to water and nutrients.
Unknown. International Food Policy Research Institute, “Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation”, 2009. Feb 10, 2010..
“The unimpeded growth of greenhouse gas emissions is raising the earth’s temperature. The consequences include melting glaciers, more precipitation, more and more extreme weather events, and shifting seasons. The accelerating pace of climate change, combined with global population and income growth, threatens food security everywhere.”
-Once again this article talks about greenhouse gases and its involvement in what happens to agriculture. It also talks about the cost of adapting, mentioning how humans will be affected negatively by the climate change.
-I found that the line about the shifting seasons would come in handy if I do decide to focus on this project.
Reflection:
As a continuation to my topic about food: Focusing more on how climate change affects agriculture and vise versa.
Without a doubt climate change affects agriculture. Naturally Agriculture is sensitive to the variations in climate and weather; this includes extreme weather such as droughts, floods and storms. As a result it disrupts the growth of the plants, soil quality and water availability. So if I do continue to go more in-depth into food for my senior project I can incorporate the idea that climate change has a huge affect on our food. After doing some research I found out that there’s several focus points that I can chose from like CO2 affects on agriculture, seasons, and evapotranspiration (just to name a few). But they all lead back to the idea of this issue being Human Caused! So, I think if I did a film about this topic then I would be in a similar order as the “Inconvenient Truth”. Agriculture in the past, what has happened to agriculture as humanity evolved, the problems, and how to fix it.
“According to the recent report of the IAASTD (Independent assessment of agricultural knowledge, science and technology for development), climate change can irreversibly damage the natural resource base on which agriculture depends. Some negative impacts are already visible in many parts of the world. Water scarcity and the timing of water availability will increasingly constrain production. Climate change will require a new look at water storage to cope with the impacts of more and extreme precipitation, higher seasonal variations and increased rates of evapotranspiration in all types of ecosystems.”
-The article focused on food security, as well as other environmental topics. I chose to just focus on what the article said about agriculture.
-I learned from the article that agriculture today has an indirect contribution to emissions. Due to fertilizers, operations, and the change in land use. Showing that the way we handle our agriculture also contributes to global warming.
-What really caught my attention from this quote was the line, “…Climate change will require a new look at water storage to cope with the impacts of more and extreme precipitation….”
-If I was to continue my senior project on this topic I would probably included this in my conclusion. Showing images on ways we could deal with climate change.
- Possible focus: Evapotranspiration and how that affects food supply (caused by climate change)
Unknown. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Agriculture and Food Supply”, Oct 15, 2009. Feb 10, 2010.
“Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, driven by emissions from human activities, can act as a fertilizer and enhance the growth of some crops such as wheat, rice and soybeans. CO2 can be one of a number of limiting factors that, when increased, can enhance crop growth. Other limiting factors include water and nutrient availability. While it is expected that CO2 fertilization will have a positive impact on some crops, other aspects of climate change (e.g., temperature and precipitation changes) may temper any beneficial CO2 fertilization effect (IPCC, 2007).”
-This source was more studies based and seemed the most credible. This article talks mainly about 5 main factors that directly connect climate change and agricultural productivity. Average temperature increase, Change in rainfall amount and patterns, Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2, Pollution levels such as tropospheric ozone, and Change in climatic variability and extreme events.
-I like this quote because it focus’ on climate change and what happens when CO2 increases (due to human activity).
-The affect that CO2 has on agriculture-crop growth.
-No availability to water and nutrients.
Unknown. International Food Policy Research Institute, “Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation”, 2009. Feb 10, 2010.
“The unimpeded growth of greenhouse gas emissions is raising the earth’s temperature. The consequences include melting glaciers, more precipitation, more and more extreme weather events, and shifting seasons. The accelerating pace of climate change, combined with global population and income growth, threatens food security everywhere.”
-Once again this article talks about greenhouse gases and its involvement in what happens to agriculture. It also talks about the cost of adapting, mentioning how humans will be affected negatively by the climate change.
-I found that the line about the shifting seasons would come in handy if I do decide to focus on this project.
Reflection:
As a continuation to my topic about food: Focusing more on how climate change affects agriculture and vise versa.
Without a doubt climate change affects agriculture. Naturally Agriculture is sensitive to the variations in climate and weather; this includes extreme weather such as droughts, floods and storms. As a result it disrupts the growth of the plants, soil quality and water availability. So if I do continue to go more in-depth into food for my senior project I can incorporate the idea that climate change has a huge affect on our food. After doing some research I found out that there’s several focus points that I can chose from like CO2 affects on agriculture, seasons, and evapotranspiration (just to name a few). But they all lead back to the idea of this issue being Human Caused! So, I think if I did a film about this topic then I would be in a similar order as the “Inconvenient Truth”. Agriculture in the past, what has happened to agriculture as humanity evolved, the problems, and how to fix it.
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